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Measured by respiratory exchange ratio (RER), higher intensity exercise links to higher rates of fat oxidation. Aerobic endurance exercise is usually the exercise prescription for health and weight maintenance.
Recently, higher-intensity exercise modalities have been suggested as more time-efficient strategies for improvements in health and energy expenditure. For example, one study reported that subjects lost more weight when they performed high intensity interval training compared to moderate intensity aerobic exercise. HIIT is based on performing an exercise at maximum effort for a brief period of time, followed by a short period of rest. Exercise intervals (the time spent performing the exercise), can set a time anywhere between 20-60 seconds. HIIT can be done with virtually any machine such as a treadmill, cycle, etc. In the other corner, high intensity resistance exercise has also been shown to enhance fat loss and increase lean muscle mass.Advertisement
Researchers put women on both protocols and examined the effect of exercise modality. And also how pre-exercise carbohydrate or protein ingestion on post-exercise RER-resting energy expenditure (i.e. total calories burned) and REE-respiratory exchange ratio (i.e. total fat burned) in women.
Study Breakdown – HIIT vs HIRT
Twenty recreationally active women participated in this randomized, crossover, double-blind study. Each participant completed six exercise sessions, consisting of three exercise modalities:
- Aerobic endurance exercise (AEE)The AEE bout consisted of a self-selected 5-min warm-up. Followed by a 30-minute treadmill jog at 45% to 55% of heart rate reserve.
- High-intensity interval running (HIIT)A HIIT bout consisted of a self-selected 5-min warm-up. Followed by ten rounds of a 60-seconds treadmill run at 85% to 95% HRR with a 60-seconds passive rest period. The entire exercise bout lasted approximately 20 minutes.
- High-intensity resistance training (HIRT)Exercises were performed in the following order: leg press and bench press, lunges, shoulder press, biceps curl, and triceps extension using free weights. Subjects performed a self-selected warm-up prior to starting. A HIRT bout consisted of three sets of 6 RM to 8 RM followed by a 20- to 30-second rest for each exercise. There was a rest period of 2.5 minutes between each exercise. The average length of HIRT sessions was approximately VS. HIRT 25 minutes.
The women were also assigned to two acute nutritional interventions: carbohydrate and protein. Participants orally ingested 25 g of carbohydrates in the form of maltodextrin or whey protein isolate mixed with 6 oz. of water in an opaque bottle. Post-exercise REE and RER were analyzed via indirect calorimetry at the following: baseline, immediately post (IP), 30 minutes (30 min) post, and 60 minutes (60 min) post exercise. A mixed effects linear regression model, controlling for estradiol, was used to compare mean longitudinal changes in REE and RER.
So which exercise is the king of all fat burning?
On average, high-intensity interval running produced a greater REE or calories burned for up to 60 minutes post-exercise than aerobic endurance exercise and high-intensity interval training post exercise. Immediately post exercise, there was a heightened caloric effect from the High-intensity interval running bout stimulating approximately 800 kcal/day more than High-intensity resistance training and aerobic endurance exercise.
High-intensity interval running and high-intensity resistance training both also stimulated greater fat utilization (via a lower RER) when compared to aerobic endurance exercise. On average, high-intensity interval running produced lower RER compared to either aerobic endurance exercise or high-intensity resistance training after 30 minutes and compared to aerobic endurance exercise after 60 minutes.
So in sum, aerobic exercise is not a very good method to lose weight. And high intensity interval running is a much superior method for burning calories. Also, high intensity interval running burns more calories and fat post exercise compared to high intensity interval resistance training.
Which Fuel Burns More Fat Post-Exercise?
Another very interesting find was that whey protein prior to exercise increases post-exercise resting energy expenditure, comparing to carbohydrate consumption. Whey protein ingestion also resulted in significantly augmented fat utilization 30 and 60 min post-exercise.
Here are the study highlights:
This study indicates that high-intensity interval running elicited the largest increase in post-exercise REE, as well as augmented RER, compared to aerobic endurance exercise and high-intensity resistance training. In combination with varying exercise modalities, whey protein intake elevated post-exercise REE and fat oxidation to a greater extent than CHO. PRO ingestion prior to exercise may help further maximize the caloric effect, with an additional approximately 90 kcal/day expended compared to CHO. Around 30 min post exercise, whey protein increased fat utilization compared to carbohydrate. Collectively, these findings suggest a potential benefit of integrating High-Intensity interval running and pre-exercise whey protein intake into exercise routines. Specifically in women, this strategy may have positive implications on their health, weight, and body composition.
